You and a friend are caught by police for committing a crime together. The time in prison for the crime are ten years. Police hold you in separate cells with no communication possible.They don't have enough evidence to charge you with a more serious crime, but they do for a lesser crime which will have you both spending one year in jail.To convict you or your friend with the more serious crime, the police will need either your or your friend's confession.The police come into your room and tell you the following:

The Prisoner's Dilemma

"The ideas of economists and political philosophers, both when they are right and when they are wrong, are more powerful than is commonly understood. Indeed the world is ruled by little else. Practical men, who believe themselves to be quite exempt from any intellectual influence, are usually the slaves of some defunct economist."

Since global debt is already so high and expanding quickly, a reset of debt is needed in any truly viable solution.Controlling the value of money can lead to abuse of power - especially if the currency is underlying other currencies.A system that is controlled by one nation and is the backbone of all other currencies might work for a time, until the country's domestic issues force it to unilaterally deliver economic benefit to the nation in control of the currency while hurting all others.Example of this is when the US in 1971, unilaterally terminated the conversion of the US dollar to gold.

Who Controls the Money?

Technology is deflationary. Our economic systems were not built for a world driven by technology where prices keep falling. They were built for a pre-technology era when labour and capital were inextricably linked, an era that counted on growth and inflation, an era where we made money from scarcity and inefficiency. That era is over.We're currently living in a fast-pace changing world. What works today won't work tomorrow. Technology is moving too fast and it will only move faster from here.Growth is driven by easy credit, which is being created at a pace that is hard to comprehend.

Introduction: The End of Inflation

"The need to belong is a powerful, fundamental, and extremely pervasive motivation, much of what human beings do is done in the service of belongingness."

"Ordinary people, simply doing their jobs, and without any particular hostility on their part, can become agents in a terrible destructive process. Moreover, even when the destructive effects of their work become patently clear, and they are asked to carry out actions incompatible with fundamentals standards of morality, relatively few people have the resources needed to resist authority."

If technology-driven price declines continue to the point of something becoming free, we let that happen too. People will no longer have to be on an endless treadmill to pay for things that are constantly rising in price.Prices of all things would fall, yes, but those creating value would be paid for their value creation - at a rate that matched the new realities of supply and demand and our digital world. And those who lose out in our societies would be less at risk.Central banks and governments won't let this happen, but who knows if Bitcoin will surpass their power with a network effect...

Our need of belongingness is inherent to us, as humans we are constantly categorizing ourselves and others into groups. F.e. nationality, religion, job, personality...Groups don't necessarily need to be formal, we can belong to hundreds of groups, from your friends' group to a nation that you are proud to call home.These differentiatons in our minds are often about being not only different but better in some way. Those groups make us stand out by saying, "I'm like this, those people are like that." "Here is why you and I belong, why we understand each other."

Us Versus Them

Progress within the technological field is constantly speeding up. This growth can be understood through Sigmoid Function Curve of Technology which works as follows.S curves resemble an S shape where growth is first quite slow, then exponential, and then it slows before reaching another step change, which creates the new S of the exponential rate before slowing again.It is almost incomprehensible to imagine how much technology speeds up and what will happen next.Let's see technologies that will enter mainstream in the near future:<ul><li>Self-driving cars</li><li>VR & AR</li><li>Additive manufacturing & 3D printing</li></ul>

The Technology Boom

All around the world we encounter with rising prices, but this rise in prices is artificially driven by an enormous rise in credit and debt.Governments and central banks will do almost anything to stop deflation.Debt combined with deflation is a toxic combination, because borrowers have to pay the same for their interest payments while earning less.<ul><li>Total debt in 2000: $62 T</li><li>World economy in 2000: $33.5 T</li><li>World economy in 2018: $80 T</li><li>Total debt in 2018: $247 T</li></ul>To achieve a $46 T of global growth it has taken approximately $185 T of global debt.

Inflation, Credit & Debt

Our thinking is determined by our cognitive biases, resulting in us accepting information which fits our actual beliefs and refusing those which opposes our beliefs. Let's take a look to two common cognitive biases:<ul><li>Anchoring effect happens when our minds put too much weight on initial information when making decisions.</li><li>Sunk-cost bias happens when you continue to invest time or money into something because of the time or emotion you already put in.</li></ul>Cognitive biases fool us and trick our brain to keep a narrow thinking.

It's Hard to Think Differently

Solar energy changes everything. With the actual technology the surface area required to generate all of our needed energy is 496,805 square km.The price per watt with solar energy has dropped from $256 in 1954 to 82 cents today.With the creation of a more efficient way of acquiring energy, costs are dramatically reduced and therefore production of any technology becomes cheaper.With a transition to a cleaner energy source like solar energy we also reduce environmental pollution. And not only that, cheap energy will allow us to remove carbon dioxide from our environment efficiently.

Solar Energy

"Now consider all the things technology is, and will soon be, making abundant. Things that are incredibly valuable but because of abundance fall in price precipitously.In a world where technology is concurrently driving deflation and abundance, maybe eventually, one of the forcing functions that makes cooperation more likely to stick is the very fact that there will not be a large economic incentive to "cheat" or "betray" - abundance minimizes the payoff.Or maybe we should attempt to create an economic system that works that way."

"Through economies of scale, the bigger a company was, the more buying power and leverage it had to squeeze out competitors. In contrast, a network effect exists when the value of a product or service gives more value to each user as the number of users increases."

This line of thinking in politics is the liberal/socialist/communist camp. It goes by the principle that the system should be fair for the disadvantaged, so we must tax the wealthy more to pay for the services to the poor.One of the more prominent proposals in this camp is universal basic income. The idea is simple in premise: raise taxes on the wealthy to give a minimum basic income, whether people work or not, topping people up if they work to a maximum amount but also not requiring them to work for their wage.

Higher taxes on the wealthy, guaranteed basic income

Determining the right amount of basic income differentiated for needs becomes difficult to reasonably achieve.The most important problem with the solution is simply this: it does not deal with the root cause. Deflation is being caused by technology and, because of that, it will ride the same exponential wave technology does. That means that the rate of deflation (without printing more money) will only accelerate from here.The abundance that technology provides us doesn't require net new jobs around the world. It obliterates the work and the jobs we already have.

Bitcoin (and other cryptocurrencies) is an attempt at a solution. The promise of Bitcoin was to create a system that was decentralized in nature, unable to be manipulated by anyone - including governments. With Bitcoin limited supply to twenty-one million Bitcoins tries to fix unlimited printing money problem.It creates a peer-to-peer ledger without any central control: the blockchain.As an open, distributed ledger, it offers security and trust by verifying transactions with consensus instead of through a central authority.

Bitcoin as Solution

Prior to the 2008 crash experts expected the world to continue in the manner in which they were accustomed. This didn't change until they were well past the edge of the cliff.It wasn't housing itself that caused the 2008 bubble. If it hadn't been housing, it would've been somewhere else that easy credit was flowing to.The continuing rise of debt that cannot be paid back was at the heart of any crisis. A bubble pops when people wake up and realize that the debt can never be paid off.Then, credit is removed - and because easy credit was the main thing causing the run-up, assets collapse.

2008 Crisis

Occam's razor states: a simpler solution is more likely to be correct than a complex one.What if, instead of trying to stop deflation at all costs, we embrace it? As technology spreads, deflation happens at the rate it should. Deflation becomes something celebrated because it means that we are getting more for less. We allow ourselves to accept abundance.As technology removes jobs and fewer overall jobs are needed, prices will keep falling, allowing those who lose jobs a way to share in the benefit of technology abundance without massive transfers of wealth.

The Simple Solution

"A currency only holds value because of the deemed trust we have in it. Beyond that, it is just a piece of paper with faces and numbers on it."

"Asking big questions is sometimes more powerful than the solution itself because it inspires knowledge of the world to solve it and, as such, brings diverse ways of solving problems."

"Watch your thoughts, they become words;watch your words, they become actions;Watch your actions, they become habits;watch you habits, they become character;watch your character, for it becomes your destiny."

"We are in danger of a broad systemic collapse, and action needs to be taken urgently to head it off. We need the authority to spend several hundred billion." - September 18, 2088

One of the pillars of capitalism is a free-market system. A near-constant flow of innovative entrepreneurs breaking monopolies and then themselves creating new ones.The term "creative destruction" was coined by Austrian American economist Joseph Schumpether (1883-1950). In his vision of capitalism entrepreneurs are the disruptive force which sustains economic growth.E.g. Blockbuster dominated the physical movie distribution, with over 9000 stores over the US. They had the monopoly, but they didn't see digital streaming coming. Then Netflix created and Blockbuster was destroyed.

Creative Destruction

In this scenario we have continued low or negative interest rate environment, central bank printing, modern monetary theory, or other guarantees to keep the party going.The greatest irony of this camp is that it has the highest belief in a free-market economy and capitalism but at the same time doesn't realize that free-market capitalism is not what is happening today.In the short term, this approach can be successful because people feel richer, until the bill is due.Soner than later we'll realize that the only thing driving our economies is the explosion of debt.

Printing Money & Other Guarantees

"Because the people who are crazy enough to think they can change the world are the ones who do."

"Power tends to corrupt, and asbolute power corrupts absolutely."

The future will be ruled by those who hold the keys to AI and technology. Within this race for power we distinguish different actors:<ul><li>Public entities such as governments.</li><li>Private corporations such as Google and Huawei.</li></ul>Depending on who holds the power the interests may vary, for some actors privacy is a must and for others it is control.Information and knowledge have been expanding exponentially as we build on past learnings and as we improve our technology. Soon - perhaps already - that rate of growth will be too fast for our own minds to keep pace. [...] Then who will be the masters?

Who Will Be the Masters?

"True ignorance is not the absence of knowledge, it's the refusal to acquire it."

<ul><li>If you confess and your friend does not, you will go free. You will spend zero years in prison and your friend willl get the full ten years.</li><li>If you both confess, you will each get five years in prison</li></ul>You must assume that they are about to give your friend the same offer or already have. What should you do?Prisoner's dilemma is one of the most famous examples in game theory. It is an example of a non-zero-sum game, where the actions of each player could make their combined situation better without taking from each other.

Despite being just a hypothetical situation, prisoner's dilemma reflects in an accurate how we tend to behave. Oftentimes the decisions that are best for us are at odds with each other.We can see some examples of this:<ul><li>Drugs or doping in sports: if no one uses them those who best train are awarded, if any athlete cheats he can get caught and exploit the fair results.</li><li>Military spending: if no country had an army that'd mean no war, but if just one country had an army it could rule the world.</li></ul>

A World of Self-interest 

"In from three to eight years, we will have a machine with the general intelligence of an average human being."

"As we navigate our lives, we normally allow ourselves to be guided by impressions and feelings, and the confidence we have in our intuitive beliefs and preferences is usually justified. But not always. We are often confident, even when we are wrong, and an objective observer is more likely to detect out errors than we are."

"Creative destruction doesn't happen at a steady rate over time. At certain points in history, there is more opportunity for entrepreneurs to create disruption."

Let's take a look to the first and second laws of thermodynamics:<ul><li>First law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed and that the total amount of energy in the universe must remain the same.</li><li>Second law states that energy always moves from higher to lower concentrations,heat dissipates.</li></ul>The actual energy industry is based on an inefficient route which consumes lots of energy and resources until the final energy is obtained.This inefficiency makes energy a more expensive resource than it should be.Fossil fuel plants are still running despite polluting and being in heavy losses.

Energy Nowadays

"Every company that was designed to have success in the twentieth century is designed to fail in the twenty-first century."

This strategy has only one endgame:<ol><li>Higher inequality.</li><li>People losing hope in the system due to not being able to mke ends meet.</li><li>More polarization.</li><li>A rise of leaders that use the polarization to create "us versus them" narratives to consolidate power.</li><li>Commonplace revolution and wars.</li></ol>

According to Ray Dalio there are only four levers governments can pull to escape debt crisis:<ul><li>Austerity - spending less</li><li>Debt defaults/restructuring</li><li>The central bank printing money or other guarantees</li><li>Wealth transfer - much higher taxes for the rich</li></ul>Because of deflation, austerity would create a vicious feedback cycle and a collapse in asset prices, combined with lower employment that'd result in debt defaults or restructuring. Because of that, lever 1 and lever 2 are inextricably linked.Both levers are extremely painful for society to bear in the short term, hence why dialogue on them is avoided.

How to Escape Debt Crises?

"The Federal Reserve is not currently forecasting a recession." - January 10, 2008

In 1943, American psychologist Abraham Maslow proposed a theory that all humans possess a hierarchy of needs from basic need to self-actualization: some needs were more important than others, and needs on one level must be satisfied before the next can be addressed.Understanding needs and desires and then targeting them is at the heart of persuasion. This work by Maslow helped propel marketing and communications in countless industries and brands.Advertising and marketing deliberately play on our desires and biases to guide our thoughts, therefore influencing our decisions.

The Power of Understanding Needs and Desires

Nowadays most of the success in AI is really machine learning or "narrow" artificial intelligence, not general purpose AI. But while it is easy to dismiss narrow AI and believe in our own superiority, AI that can beat humans at different domains has enormous implications. At one point, instead of training AI, we won't be needed.Bayesian method states that you can learn any problem as long as you had a starting probability and enough cycles to update the probabilities.Our Intelligence, as computers and AI is based on error correction and refinement of hypotheses through iterations.

The Future of Intelligence

In this brilliant book, Jeff Booth explains his vision of the near future with the influence of technology on it.

We live in an extraordinary time. In a world that moves faster than we can imagine, we cannot afford to stand still. In this extraordinary contrarian book Jeff Booth details the technological and economic realities shaping our present and our future, and the choices we face as we go forward-a potentially alarming, but deeply hopeful situation.

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"Your world view will transform instantly" - SALIM ISMAIL, Bestselling Author of Exponential Organizations We live in an extraordinary time. Technological advances are happening at a rate faster than our ability to understand them, and in a world that moves faster than we can imagine, we cannot afford to stand still. These advances bring efficiency and abundance--and they are profoundly deflationary. Our economic systems were built for a pre-technology era when labour and capital were inextricably linked, an era that counted on growth and inflation, an era where we made money from inefficiency. That era is over, but we keep on pretending that those economic systems still work. The only thing driving growth in the world today is easy credit, which is being created at a pace that is hard to comprehend--and with it, debt that we will never be able to pay back. As we try to artificially drive an economic system built for the past, we are creating more than just economic trouble. On our current path, our world will become profoundly more polarized and unsafe. We need to build a new framework for our local and global economies, and soon; we need to accept deflation and embrace the abundance it can bring. Otherwise, the same technology that has the power to bring abundance to us and our world will instead destroy it. In this extraordinary contrarian book, Jeff Booth, a leading mind and CEO in e-commerce and technology for 20 years, details the technological and economic realities shaping our present and our future, and the choices we face as we go forward--a potentially alarming, but deeply hopeful situation.

JEFF BOOTH

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