Psychologically, people believe they can balance out their less favorable actions because of the good they have done in the past; an internalized bargaining system of good and bad decisions.This is why people will tell themselves it’s okay to eat a couple of extra slices of pizza because they went to the gym earlier that day, or their recent frugality licenses them to splurge on a new piece of designer clothing.

Moral Licensing

Understand yourself and those around you.

psychology

Psychology

Moral Self-Licensing: Why We Reward Good Behaviour With Indulgence - Loyalty & Reward Co

One suggestion to alleviate our society's misinformation problem is that people should take a stronger personal and civic responsibility to be informed and educate themselves in critical thinking and media literacy. This view puts the primary responsibility for our current informational predicament on individuals. It views them as somehow cognitively deficient. However, this view is mistaken.

A wrong view on how to reduce society's misinformation problem

The epistemic condition of responsibility states that one can only be held responsible for outcomes that one caused knowingly. For people to cause actions knowingly, they must be aware of what they are doing, the consequences, and alternatives to the action, and that the action is morally significant. Accepting the epistemic condition of responsibility raises a complex philosophical question when applied to the proposed responsibility to be informed. Since awareness and knowledge are necessary for responsibility, how knowingly do people know and share things?

The epistemic condition of responsibility

Two arguments support the view that people’s belief-forming and information-sharing behaviour generally does not fulfil the epistemic condition of responsibility. <ol><li>How people treat new claims are based on previous experiences, which are based on previous experiences etc. But this view would indicate that people's behaviour is only based on an involuntary sequence of events.</li><li>People do have some degree of agency. They form ideas from information environments of old and new forms of media, education and cultural institutions and virtual spaces.</li></ol>

Reasons against the epistemic condition of responsibility

If we accept that citizens are not primarily causally responsible for our poor information environments, they may still have a remedial responsibility to fix them.However, it is unclear when a person is informed if it will improve information practices. <ul><li>Many people will react defensively to simply being blamed for their ignorance.</li><li>If responsibility could be articulated without blaming citizens, there is no guarantee that citizens would successfully practice their responsibility to be informed.</li></ul>

The responsibility to be informed

Citizens should be encouraged to do what they can to prevent disinformation. For example: <ul><li>Staying mindful of the sources of online information</li><li>Pausing to consider the context, bias or the satirical nature of a story before sharing</li><li>Checking the publication date</li><li>Disinformation is effective when repeated often, so try to remain critical of outlandish content that you encounter repeatedly.</li><li>Be aware of cheapfake videos as they create manipulations by conventional editing techniques.</li><li>Reverse image searches can also reveal suspicious sources for specific images.</li></ul>

Encouraging responsibility to prevent disinformation

Leaning away from individual responsibility means that the burden should be shifted to those who have structural control over our information environments. Solutions include placing accountability and responsibility on technology companies, government, regulatory bodies, traditional media and political parties.

Responsibility of those who have structural control

As tech giants and algorithms distort the information landscape, what’s left of the individual’s duty to be informed?

artsandculture

Society, Arts & Culture

On the moral responsibility to be an informed citizen | Psyche Ideas

Remembering things differently from how they actually happened.Example: You insist that the Monopoly man has a monocle.

We think nostalgically about the past and see the world going downhill from there.Example: “Back then, we never even thought about locking our doors!”

Declinism

Collective beliefs grow stronger the more people parrot them.Example: A study linking vaccines to autism (despite being disproved) compels many to avoid them altogether.

Availability Cascade

We take comfort in consistency and see any disruption as a burden.Example: Despite being in a toxic relationship, Jack doesn’t want to go through the trouble of breaking up (and going on first dates again).

Status Quo Bias

We’re reluctant to pivot from a strategy in which we’ve already invested so much time and energy.Example: You keep watching the movie or reading the book even though it sucks.

Sunk-Cost Fallacy (aka Escalation of Commitment)

Believing a random event is more or less likely to happen based on preceding events. Example: The roulette ball landed on black the last four times, so you decide to put everything on red.

Gambler’s Fallacy

We would rather nip small risks in the bud even when another strategy would mitigate overall risk.Example: You opt for that sugar-free soda, not realizing the artificial sweeteners it contains might actually be worse for you.

Zero-Risk Bias

The tendency to interpret the same information differently depending on context.Example: You perceive wine as better tasting when it’s served in a crystal glass versus a plastic cup.

Framing Effect

We fall back on surface-level beliefs about a group instead of looking at individuals within that group.Example: “That guy with the tie-dye T-shirt must be a pothead.”

Stereotyping

We view our ingroups as diverse and outgroups as all the same.Example: Brad doesn’t own a gun and assumes anyone who does has violent tendencies.

Outgroup Homogeneity Bias

The tendency to put our faith in authority figures.Example: “The President said it, so it must be true!”

Authority Bias

The power of the mind to bring about the desired effect from an ineffective treatment.Example: In a clinical trial, 80% of those who took a sugar pill reported signs of improvement.

Placebo Effect

Focusing on successes and ignoring failures.Example: You assume entrepreneurship is easy because all you see are successful founders in magazines.

Survivorship Bias

We perceive time differently when under stress or trauma.Example: “When the robber pulled a gun on me, everything seemed to stop.”

Tachypsychia

We spend inordinate amounts of time and effort on trivial issues while ignoring the ones that matter.Example: The mayor devotes an entire committee to keeping the sidewalk clean but does nothing to help the homeless.

Law of Triviality

We tend to recall interrupted tasks more than completed ones.Example: Despite earning perfect marks in his annual company review, Bill fixates on that one project he dropped the ball on and feels guilty every time he comes to work.

Zeigarnik Effect

We tend to value things more when we have a part in their creation.Example: “Isn’t this a beautiful coffee table? I put it together myself!”

IKEA Effect

Doing a favor for someone else makes us more likely to do more versus returning a favor they did for us.Example: You didn’t like Brad at first, but after he asked for your advice, you've been looking for more ways to help him.

Ben Franklin Effect

We are less likely to intervene in a bad situation when there are more people around.Example: Everyone just watched instead of calling 911 when the bar fight turned ugly.

Bystander Effect

When your self-perception changes in response to a leading question.Example: You call in sick from work, and your boss asks, “How did you get COVID?”

Suggestibility

Our tendency to see patterns in randomness.Example: “That cloud looks like a rider on horseback.”

Clustering Illusion

The overestimation that only bad things will happen.Example: “It can only get worse from here!”

Pessimism Bias

The overestimation that only good things will happen.Example: “It can only get better from here!”

Insisting that real memories are just figments of your imagination.Example: Bill thinks he’s created the perfect slogan, forgetting that he heard it on TV.

We call others out for biases while insisting we have none.Example: “I’m not biased; you are.”

Blind Spot Bias

This is the second part of 50 cognitive biases, as tweeted by Elon Musk. These are a must read for understanding human behaviour, including our own.

technologyandthefuture

Technology & The Future

problemsolving

Problem Solving

25 More Cognitive Biases, As Tweeted By Elon Musk

<ul><li>Games are constantly reinvented: the biggest games today like “Fortnite” and “Clash of Clans” run most of their network on the cloud</li><li>True cloud-native games are only playable within the cloud infrastructure</li><li>Benefits: no download time or updates, users can play instantly and on different screens</li><li>But individuals’ local PCs or other devices may limit cloud interactions and simulations</li><li>Combination of live video and games: enables different inputs to impact the simulation environment in real time</li><li>Crowdsourced game playing, like Pokemon and choose-your-own adventures</li></ul>

First-wave cloud-native games will revolutionize gameplay and hyper-personalized storytelling

<ul><li>Arcade system: no need to pay for one whole game and just jump around games</li><li>Shift towards subscription pricing model and free-to-play</li><li>Potential for “YouTube of gaming:” people prefer to process over video than text</li><li>Design playbook: shorten the “time to fun” for instant play</li><li>Comeback of instant IO games, shared through Discord and YouTube</li></ul>

Setting the stage for new business models

<ul><li>AI enables NPCs (non-playable characters) to adopt objectives and behaviors, generating believable script</li><li>Fosters more dynamic, enriching experiences and reactions: players can express themselves more freely</li><li>Second wave of cloud gaming will unlock limitless behavior and immersion game play</li><li>Having AI assistants that can implement building enables developers to spend more time on brainstorming and conception</li><li>Cloud easily updates shared experiences and shared worlds</li><li>Improved client-side processing: less limits on number of players at an instance</li></ul>

Google Stadia unlocks a new level of storytelling and immersion with realistic characters

<ul><li>Accessibility accommodates different ways of play for different moods and desires</li><li>Players can feel included no matter the skill level, time availability, or device</li><li>Video games generates video as it’s consumed, ensuring shareability and interactivity</li><li>Games as the new social platform: in cloud-native gaming worlds, players can be more spontaneous and not have a purpose, similar to socializing in real life</li><li>Vision of Metaverse as a community</li><li>Games as crucial part of pop culture, appealing to all ages and cultures</li><li>Developing requires constant experimentation in a gray box</li></ul>

Cloud gaming opens up full spectrum of interactions, from light to deep connections

Jade Raymond of Google Stadia discusses how cloud gaming will revolutionize play and unlock unprecedented storytelling and socializing in virtual worlds.

Discover the world of business and economics.

economics

Economics

business

Business

entertainment

Entertainment

The Social Serendipity of Cloud Gaming | Andreessen Horowitz

In the agrarian economy, there were commodities - the things you grow or raise or pull out of the ground, basically vegetables, animals, minerals that you then sell on the open marketplace. It's about supply and availability. But the industrial revolution changed that. Then goods became economic offerings, where we used raw materials to manufacture goods. These goods became commoditised. They are treated like a commodity, and people don't care who makes them; they only care about the price.

From the agrarian to the industrial-based economy

The antidote to commoditisation is customisation. The customisation of a good turned it into a service because it was delivered on demand for a particular person. So we moved from an industrial economy to a service-based economy. It's all about improving quality. Over the past 20odd years, services are being commoditised as well. It means that it's time to move to a new level of economic value beyond the goods and the services.

The service-based economy

What we need at this point is to customize a service. When you customise a service you turn it into a memorable experience. So, we're shifting to an experience economy, where experiences are the predominant economic offering. Experiences cannot be inauthentic, because it happens inside of us. Any authenticity is then becoming the new buying criteria for consumers.

The experience economy

No business can supply an authentic experience because all companies use machinery and are involved with money, making them inauthentic. There are two dimensions to authenticity:<ul><li>Be true to yourself, which is self-directed.</li><li>Be other-directed, which means being what you say you are to others.</li></ul> The key to being true to yourself is knowing who you are as a business and what you've done in the past.

Rendering authenticity

When it comes to being what you say you are, companies can make the mistake of advertising what they're not. That is when you are perceived as fake.To be authentic, provide places for people to experience who you are. For example, to know Starbucks, you have to go and experience them. Authenticity can be summed up into three basic rules:<ol><li>Don't say you're authentic if you're not.</li><li>It's easier to be authentic if you don't say you're authentic.</li><li>If you do say you're authentic, you have to be authentic.</li></ol>

How to be authentic

A collection of 7 Ted talks to inspire you and help you get better at CSM

communication

Communication

personaldevelopment

Personal Development

Top 7 TED Talks On Customer Success

We have moved from a service-based economy into an experience-based economy. Joseph Pine explains what consumers want in this new economy and how you can provide it to them.

http://www.ted.com Customers want to feel what they buy is authentic, but "Mass Customization" author Joseph Pine says selling authenticity is tough because, well, there's no such thing. He talks about a few experiences that may be artificial but make millions anyway.  TEDTalks is a daily video podcast of the best talks and performances from the TED Conference, where the world's leading thinkers and doers give the talk of their lives in 18 minutes. Featured speakers have included Al Gore on climate change, Philippe Starck on design, Jill Bolte Taylor on observing her own stroke, Nicholas Negroponte on One Laptop per Child, Jane Goodall on chimpanzees, and "Lost" producer JJ Abrams on the allure of mystery. TED stands for Technology, Entertainment, Design, and TEDTalks cover these topics as well as science, business, development and the arts. Watch the Top 10 TEDTalks on TED.com, at http://www.ted.com/index.php/talks/top10

startup

Startups

videos

Videos

http://www.ted.com Customers want to feel what they buy is authentic, but "Mass Customization" author Joseph Pine says selling authenticity is tough because, well, there's no such thing. He talks about a few experiences that may be artificial but make millions anyway.

TEDTalks is a daily video podcast of the best talks and performances from the TED Conference, where the world's leading thinkers and doers give the talk of their lives in 18 minutes. Featured speakers have included Al Gore on climate change, Philippe Starck on design, Jill Bolte Taylor on observing her own stroke, Nicholas Negroponte on One Laptop per Child, Jane Goodall on chimpanzees, and "Lost" producer JJ Abrams on the allure of mystery. TED stands for Technology, Entertainment, Design, and TEDTalks cover these topics as well as science, business, development and the arts. Watch the Top 10 TEDTalks on TED.com, at http://www.ted.com/index.php/talks/top10

The TED Talks channel features the best talks and performances from the TED Conference, where the world's leading thinkers and doers give the talk of their lives in 18 minutes (or less). Look for talks on Technology, Entertainment and Design -- plus science, business, global issues, the arts and more. You're welcome to link to or embed these videos, forward them to others and share these ideas with people you know.

TED's videos may be used for non-commercial purposes under a Creative Commons License, Attribution–Non Commercial–No Derivatives (or the CC BY – NC – ND 4.0 International) and in accordance with our TED Talks Usage Policy: https://www.ted.com/about/our-organization/our-policies-terms/ted-talks-usage-policy. For more information on using TED for commercial purposes (e.g. employee learning, in a film or online course), please submit a Media Request at https://media-requests.ted.com

Joseph Pine: What consumers want

Most people put almost no effort into finding out how success works in their field, so you can outdo the majority by doing a little research. One misconception is that employers only care about a degree. While degrees are not useless, many hiring managers are very interested in hiring someone who is aggressively self-educated.

"All employers care about is a degree"

Many people think that firms never make exceptions on degree requirements, and that they want new hires to have mastered the particular technologies they use. Software companies often prize overall programming ability more than skills with a particular language.

You don't know what it takes to be successful

Our assumptions about what employers care about or what will make a product sell can easily be cleared up by using the interview method. <ul><li>Identify five people who are moderately successful in your field.</li><li>Ask them if you can buy them lunch.</li><li>Meet with them and get them to share their thoughts.</li><li>Instead of directly asking for advice, ask them to share their story. </li></ul> Not everyone will accept, but contacting a dozen or so people will yield some interviews and give you a roadmap of how success works.

Use the interview method to squash faulty assumptions

Knowing how success works in your field is vital even if none of the people you interview offers concrete help. In reaching out to people to learn from them, you often form relationships that become valuable later on.

Why This Method Allows for Easy Wins

career

Career

education

Learning & Education

The Interview Method: Why Our Assumptions About Success Are Often Wrong

Social Economics is a branch of economics and social sciences that puts focus on studying and analyzing the relationship between social behavior and economics.
It attempts to explain how a particular social group or social class behaves within a society and this includes their actions as consumers.

Social Economics

<ul>
<li>The first perspective applies the basic theoritical and applied tools of neoclassical microeconomics to areas of human behavior that isn't considered proper;</li>
<li>The second perspective applies the ideas of other social sciences such as sociology, psychology, and identity group studies.</li>
</ul>
The theories of social economics consider factors that are often outside of mainstream economics, this includes the effect of the environment and ecology on the consumption of wealth.

Two Broad Perspectives of Social Economics

Different socioeconomic classes have different priorities regarding how they direct their funds. A socioeconomic class are grouped together with similar characteristics like:
<ul>
<li>Social and economic standing</li>
<li>Level of education</li>
<li>Current profession; and</li>
<li>Ethnic background or heritage</li>
</ul>
Due to the differences in such charateristics, certain goods and services are unavailable to specific classes becuase they may not be able to afford them.

Understanding Social Economics

An individual's socioeconomic status can significantly impact their educational attainment and financial security.
Studies show that those who come from a lower socioeconomic status were related to having poor cognitive development, language, memory, and socioemotional processing, and consequently poor income and health in adulthood.
The negative impacts are significant to the point that it affects children long-term.

Gauging The Impact of Social Economics

Social economics is a branch of economics that focuses on the relationship between social behavior and economics.

moneyandinvestments

Money & Investments

How Social Economics Influences Your Future

<ul><li>While most people are aware hobbies tend to make us happier, they are also scientifically proven to make us healthier. Hobbies seem to help us live a calmer life, which reflects on the body.</li><li>For people with high-pressure jobs, hobbies help with disconnecting them from their business related tasks and from entire thought patterns around building a business.</li><li>Hobbies are also a way to shape our identity.</li></ul>

The Psychology Of Hobbies

This concept refers to our perceived knowledge of ourselves, based on the number of distinct aspects we believe we possess. Goals, relationships, and activities are all part of a network forming our sense of self.The lower your self-complexity, the more fragile you are. But if your self-complexity is higher—you have a couple of hobbies, personal goals outside of work, and relationships outside of your family members—your sense of self is stronger.

Self-Complexity

Hobbies take work and turn it into leisure, and take leisure and turn it into work. Hobbies occupy the borderland that is beyond play but not yet employment.There’s a growing trend of people turning their hobbies into side hustles. If hobbies are this good, why do we try to turn them into work?

The Trend Of Turning Hobbies Into Side Hustles

Pushing too hard to turn a hobby into a hustle can actually make you lose your passion.The main difference between a hobby and a hustle is whether you have to do it even when you don’t want to. Client waiting for a deliverable, customers who subscribed to receive a specific service, paid commitment to write a piece? That’s a hustle. Nobody cares whether I do the thing or not? That’s a hobby.

Hobbies Vs Hustles

timemanagement

Time Management

Don't pin the butterfly: not all hobbies need to become hustles - Ness Labs

A study found that people are more willing to donate when a charity appeals to the benefits the donors will receive than to altruism.
Researchers mailed postcards encouraging randomly assigned families to donate money to charity. The postcard either highlighted the benefits to others or the benefits to themselves. Those who received the postcard promoting self-benefits were 6.6 percent more likely to give and gave 23 percent more on average.

Charities to appeal to self-interest of donors

The study to increase donations above current levels does not deny that some people are giving out of altruism, but rather that an appeal to self-interest is effective.
In an ideal world, charity is its own reward. In this world, it helps to remind people that they can feel wonderful after donating to a cause.

Not all actions are driven by self-interest

A study on charity finds that reminding people how nice it feels to give yields better results than appealing to altruism

teamwork

Teamwork

Study: People will donate more to charity if they think something’s in it for them

Many people do not effectively manage their debt but juggle multiple debts with different terms and interest rates.
The most effective way to pay off debt is to focus on the loans with the highest interest rates first. However, research shows that consumers who manage multiple debts prefer to reduce the total number of debts rather than reducing the total of their associated costs, even if they will pay more in the long run.

How we intuitively manage debt

<ul>
<li>The Prospect Theory suggests individuals are more sensitive to a loss than a gain of an equal amount. The urge to get in the black is so strong that people are motivated to pay off small debs without considering their interest rates.</li>
<li>The Goal-Gradient Theory supposes that consumers are more willing to make an effort towards small debt just to finish paying them off.</li>
<li>People do not take into account how interest compounds over time.</li>
</ul>

Psychological processes behind debt account aversion

<ul>
<li>We can set up automatic payments to the debt with the highest interest without regarding how much is owed on it.</li>
<li>We can consolidate multiple debts into a single loan. If you have five different loans with different interest rates, your loan servicer can consolidate each debt into one payment.</li>
</ul>